Water Purification Using Chemicals

In times of emergency or natural disaster, clean water sources often become scarce.  However, it is possible to retrieve water from lakes, streams, ponds, and various other sources.  In circumstances where you have to draw from one of these sources, you will need to know various water purification methods.  This article will go over the chemical methods for treating contaminated water.

There are two types of chemical treatment: those using iodine and those using chlorine. If you purchase products specifically designed for this method, pay special attention to the directions and the expiration date.  Many of the tablets have an expiration date and become ineffective after that point. Also, once the bottle has been opened, the tablets must be used within a certain period.

General Chemical Treatment Procedures

• The effectiveness of all chemical treatment of water is related to the temperature, pH level, and clarity of the water. Cloudy water often requires higher concentrations of chemical to disinfect.
• If the water is cloudy or filled with large particles, strain it, using a cloth, before treatment. Large particles, if swallowed, may be purified only "on the outside."
• Add the chemical to the water and swish it around to aid in dissolving.
• The water should sit for at least 30 minutes after adding the chemical to allow purification to occur. If using tablets let the water sit for 30 minutes after the tablet has dissolved.
• The colder the water, the less effective the chemical is as a purifying agent. Research has shown that at 50° F (10° C), only 90 percent of Giardia cysts were inactivated after 30 minutes of exposure. If the water temperature is below 40° F (4° C), double the treatment time before drinking. It is best if water is at least 60° F (16° C) before treating. You can place the water in the sun to warm it before treating.

To improve the taste of chemically treated water, try pouring it back and forth between containers, after it has been adequately treated. This allows more oxygen to get into the water, thus improving taste. 

Introduce 2019 New Residentials

• Avenue South Residences is of the rare development in Bukit Merah Estate.  This location is centrally located with immediate amenities of food centres.  Upcoming Cantonment MRT Station is also close to Avenue South Residences. 
• The Avenir was bought over by a consortium developer consisting of Hong Realty, Guoccoland and Intrepid Investments.  This land was formerly known as Pacific Mansion and sold for $980m and was paid 4.5% higher than the reserve price.

• Midwood is a new condo residential development at Hillview Rise. Midwood is developed by valiant Investments, a joint venture with Hong Realty and Hong Leong Holdings. It is being established by one of the renowned real estate players in Singapore. This Hillview condo site is obtained through public tender by (Government Land Sales) GLS. This place comes across a quiet and tranquil environment, because of nature views, parks, and reserves.

• Wallich Residence sits at the pinnacle of Tanjong Pagar Centre, an ambitious vertical city that will be the focal point of the Tanjong Pagar precinct. A mixed development with a dynamic mix of commercial, shopping and residential elements, Tanjong Pagar Centre will be the landmark development for the area and could be the last properties as well.

• The KI Residences location is also near to the second CBD of the West. This Residence location is a highly demanded area known for its private condo residential development. Residence can expect unblocked views of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve as the location is surrounded by landed enclave.  Also, the KI Residences is near to Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Holland Village, Ngee Ann Polytechnic and the National University of Singapore.

To Know More About New Launch Project

Parc Canberra provides you with every single facility to live a desirable life. It has a lot more to offer to its future residents, from basic facilities to luxury lifestyle this condo is all in one package.

• There will be everything from plazas to shops, medical facilities to educational institutes, and nature to conventional sites.
• It is located in an area, that has a quiet and calm environment to sit back and relax in the lap of nature.
• This will make a good choice since it allows your children to access the nearby school.
• There will be a lot of eating spots around your residence.

Canninghill Piers is located at Singapore River which runs parallel along Alexandra Road and all the way into the central business district to the Marina Bay region. There are many plans by the Singapore authorities to transform Singapore River into a region of work live and play.

Located along Canninghill Piers is clocked the central which is a shopping centre located along Singapore River. It is a popular shopping more as the nearby amenities offers the shoppers view of the Singapore River of the duty near Makati Central making it one of the convenient places to have a dinner and a stroll afterwards for scenic view.

One Bernam is the luxurious new development on Bernam Street in the heart of Singapore’s District 2 just a short distance from the Central Business District. Located in the Tanjong Pagar region, the residential condo will be the perfect option for young professionals looking for a short commute and vibrant nightlife.

The design thus infuses the traditional into contemporary by its juxtaposition of sleek curtain walls with traditional solid panels, and layering of intricate motif screens against simple base elements. With its twin towers, adds another rich layer to the current urban fabric through a unique reinterpretation of a contemporary design with links to its past.

Iodine Treatment Procedures
Iodine is light sensitive and must always be stored in a dark bottle. It works best if the water is over 68° F (21° C). Iodine has been shown to be more effect than chlorine-based treatments.  However, iodine may not be as readily available to you as common household bleach.

• Liquid 2% Tincture of Iodine Add 5 drops per quart when the water is clear. Add 10 drops per quart when the water is cloudy.
• Polar Pure Iodine Crystals Fill the Polar Pure bottle with water and shake. The solution will be ready for use in one hour. Add the number of capfuls (per quart of water treated) listed on the bottle, based on the temperature of the iodine solution. The particle trap prevents crystals from getting into the water being treated. It is important to note that you are using the iodine solution to treat the water, not the iodine crystals. Let the treated water stand for 30 minutes before drinking.  The water can be warmed in the sun before treating or hot water can be added. Refill the treatment bottle after use so that the solution will be ready one hour later. Crystals in the bottle make enough solution to treat about 2,000 quarts. Discard the bottle when empty.
• Potable Aqua is an iodine tablet product. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for use.

You should keep a copy of water purification methods in your emergency supply kit.  When disaster strikes you want to be prepared.  Water is essential to health so make note of these methods – they may save your life.
 

Phoenix Residences is a new development located right at the heart of Bukit Panjang by OKP Holdings. The development is the former Phoenix Heights that was successfully sold to USB Holdings which is a unit of OKP Holdings. The development is bought over by mainboard-listed construction company and OKP Holdings bought the development for a total of $33.1 million for the development located at Phoenix Avenue. Based on the Master Plan, the former Phoenix Heights sits on a rectuangular plot of land with a plot ratio 1.4 that has a land size of 42,750sqft and a max Gross Floor Area of 59,825 square feet. The former Phoenix Heights have a remaining lease of 50 Years left for the tenure on the land and Phoenix Residences will be re-issued with a fresh 99 Years lease upon top-up by OKP Holdings.